Joyner says “Buy or rent a ski helmet that’s certified by the Snell Memorial Foundation or ASTM International, and have an expert make sure it fits correctly so it won’t come loose at a critical moment.” According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, ski helmets could prevent or reduce the effects of 53 percent of the head injuries suffered by children under 15 while skiing or snowboarding. Helmets should also be worn while sledding, with these additional precautions: don’t go down a hill headfirst — sit up and face forward. Make sure there is adult supervision and a clear, safe path. A good sledding hill does not lead to a street, a body of water or a crowded gathering place. In addition, parents and kids should inspect sleds regularly for worn, damaged or loose parts that could break or snag at high speed. Another high speed winter activity is snowmobiling. “All snowmobile drivers and passengers should be wearing helmets designed for high-speed motor sports — a bike helmet isn’t sufficient.”

She also says, “Children under 6 should not be riding a snowmobile, period, and nobody under 16 should be driving one.” Joyner goes on to suggest that “Caregivers should wear ski helmets, too — remember, your children learn safety habits by watching you.” Besides protective gear, “Basic health and comfort precautions can go a long way in preventing injury,” says Joyner. “Dress in layers. Wear sunscreen. Stay hydrated. Kids — or caregivers — who become distracted or irritable, or begin to hyperventilate, may be suffering from hypothermia or altitude sickness, or they may be too tired to participate safely in winter sports. They need to go indoors, rest and warm up.” For more information about sports safety, call 223-6409 or visit www.usa.safekids.org.